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Transportation Library Quick Guide: Copyright and Open Access: Open Access

Open Access

Open access literature has been defined as “digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions” by Peter Suber, director of the Harvard Open Access Project. Some open access publishers make use of Creative Commons license options, which “give everyone from individual creators to large institutions a standardized way to grant the public permission to use their creative work under copyright law.”

The Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science notes that this newer model of scholarly publishing was developed to “free researchers and libraries from the limitations imposed by excessive subscription price increases for peer-reviewed journals, particularly in the sciences and medicine” and “has the added advantage of allowing the author to retain copyright.”

Types of Open Access Content

IEEE Open logoIEEE Open, one of the providers of licensed and open access content used by transportation professionals, describes the types of open access content on its platform and the platforms of other content providers:

  • Green open access refers to depositing a freely accessible version (usually not a final version) of an article in a repository. These freely available articles could be posted on the author’s website, an employer’s website or another repository specified by the author’s funding agency. Posting requirements and embargo periods vary by publisher. (Embargo refers to the period of time when articles published in a journal are not available online, in full text, from a journal aggregator.)
  • Gold open access refers to articles that are freely available in their final form. For some publishers, articles in this category are supported by article processing charges that are paid by the author, the author’s employer or a funding agency. Other fully open access journals do not charge such fees. Publishers such as IEEE and others providing transportation- and engineering-related content now offer, to varying degrees, fully open access journals that address a range of technical topics.
  • Hybrid journals publish traditional subscription-based content and open access content in the same publication.

Other journal aggregators may offer platinum open access journals, also referred to as sponsored, in partnership with universities, associations and other organizations. There is no charge to authors to openly publish their research in these journals.

Refer to the Collection Development and Management Quick Guide for information about licensed electronic resources that can supplement freely available open source content.

How Open Access Affects Transportation Libraries

The increasing interest in making research results more accessible has been a boon to libraries of all kinds and the people who use them. More open access content clearly benefits transportation professionals, but only if they know how to find it and can determine if the open access journals and articles they find are credible, authoritative and relevant. Transportation librarians and information services providers can provide this guidance.

Noteworthy Resources

Over the last decade, journal publishers and aggregators have ramped up open access offerings. Check the websites of major publishers of transportation and engineering content and look for resources for librarians to learn more about what is available as open access. Below is a small sampling of publishers’ current open access content:

Other open access content is available from the Directory of Open Access Journals, which indexes free, full-text, peer-reviewed scientific and scholarly journals, including more than 100 transportation-related journals. 

Institutional repositories are also a good source for open access research. Examples include eScholarship, which provides open-access articles and dissertations deposited throughout the University of California system. Source lists for repositories maintained around the world are available through Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR), both maintained by universities in the United Kingdom.